Stone channeling bit



March 19, 1935. w. D. RAY ET AL 1,995,060

STONE CHANNELING BIT Filed Nov. 12, 1932 Y 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 l I I [NV EN TOR5 4/ I j 27/mm/2&fay 4/? (2 mm firm mm M ATTORNEY.

March 19, 1935. w p A r AL I 1,995,060 7,

STONE CHANNELING BIT Filed Nov. 12, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INQZNTORS Z 250 %Z/z'amfl ray (1% 6 4 @ardlfira/zam m ATTORNEY.

March 19, 1935. i w. D. GRAY AL STONE CHANNELINQ BI-T 7 Filed Nov. 12, 1932 ISSheets-Sheet 3 (Wow 4 ATTORNEY.

Patented Mar. 19, 1935 F. Graham, Cardiff, MG -asSignorsto'Peyton du Pont lncorporated, a corporation of Dela ware " Application emb r 12,1932,- Serial No. 642,540

- 16 Claims. (01. 262- -33) This invention relates to an improvement in bits for channeling stone such as marble and to the end that a clear understanding of the invention may be had, it is desirable to briefly consider the manner of quarrying marble and the difficulties which are incident thereto.

In removing marble from the floor of. the quarry, a channeling machine mounted toroll on a track is employed and consists primarily of a rod reciprocated by a suitable piston. The stroke of the piston is variable and when quarrying relatively hard rock is adjusted to produce short.

rapid strokes. Secured to this piston rod, inthe prior constructions, are a plurality oflong, relaatively slender channeling bits orv bars; thesebits are firmly secured at their upper ends to the piston rod but at their lower ends are unsupported because anyclampnecessarily would be wider than the width'of the bits and hence, could not pass into the channel cut by them. Because of the lack of support for the individual bits there is some deflection between them which often, is.

as great as four inches; depending upon the depth of the cut or the length of the bits. The block of marble or otherstone-thus quarried has side faces which are very irregular. Consequently, the blocks after being removed from the floor of the quarry must be cut square, thus increasing the cost of production and resultingin a loss of marble.

The above disadvantage of the individual bar bits of past practice is obviated by the present invention, the principal object of which is the pro-.

vision of a rigid stone channeling bit comprising a single unitary slab-like shank at one .end adapted to be secured to a reciprocal piston rod and at the other provided with a plurality of stub cutting edges either formed integralwith or removable from the shank. I i v In some instances, such as when quarrying hard stone or particularly hard grades of marble,

the cutting edges of the individual bar bits of prior use wear rapidly, necessitating frequent withdrawal of the bits during cutting operations for sharpening. Because of this, a large supply of bits of different lengths must'be kept in stock to meet the demand for replacement. Frequent replacement causes costly delays and necessitates an expensive inventory of bars. These disadvane 'tage's are overcome by this invention which has for another objectthe provision of a stone channelingbit comprising a single unitary slab-like shank and astub cutter or a plurality of stub cutters removably attachedto one end of the .ishank. In carrying outthis object, the'shank provide a stone channeling'bit of'thecharacter specified in which the cutting members are composed of metal having greater abrasive resisting qualities than the material of the shank. Other objects and advantages of our invention. such as the novel method of mounting the cutters on the shank so that they may be readily;.removed, will appear in the following specification accompanying the drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a stone channeling machine, showing the preferred form of. themvention in position; Fig. 2 is an isometric view of aportion of the stone channeling bit of the preferred construc-: tiQ J' x of the channeling bit of Fig. 2; v

Fig. 4 is an isometric view of another ofthe, cutters of Fig.- 2;.- t Fig. 5 isanisometric view of aportion ofqthef slab-like shank of the channeling bit;

Fig.5 is an isometric view of the keeper ykey. whichlocks, the cutters upon the shank; Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig.2 illustrating a, modification. of the invention, and Fig. 8 is likewise similar toFig'. 2-illustrating another modification of the inventions Referring now to Figures :1 ;.to,6. inclusive;; which disclose the preferred form of the inven tion, a channeling machine is indicated'general ly at 10 and it includes a frame 11 which is supported on rails 12 by flanged. wheels such ems-.13. The rails rest upon the floor 14 of a quarryand serve as runways for the channeling machine; 10.

as it moves back and forth on the rails duringxthe.

bit 15 is firmly secured at 16 to the piston rod 17 which is reciprocated by the piston 18 of the i 1 motor19, all of which parts are carried by the machine. The-channeling machine 10 is moved 5 back and forth along the. rails .12 by suitable. mechanism. As the channeling bit 15 is recipro- 5 cated by the piston 18, it cuts grooves such as20 (Fig. 1) in the floor of the quarry. i

The channeling bit of the-preferred construc-. tion consists of the shank or cutter head 21 Y which is made in the form of a solid slab of iron 1 or steel and the stub cutters 22, 23'detach'ablymounted and locked on orat one end of-the' shank as will presently appear. It is of course 40wv operation of the machine. Our. novel channeling understood that when the channeling bit 15 shown in Figure 1 has cut a channel of a predetermined depth, that is, when the greater part of the shank 21 has entered the channel so cut, it is then removed and a channeling bit of the next size substiuted so that the cut may be continued,to.,the desired depth. ,The grooves or channels'so'cut' may be of any depth or length, depending upon the size of stone which is desirable or possible to quarry. In some instances the cut is eight feet or more in depth. In some instances, it may be advantageous to employ a single block cutter, as shown. at;40 in Fig. 7, instead of the plurality of small cutters as illustrated in Fig. 2. Whether one or a pluralityof cutters are used the invention contemplates making the cutter of an alloy steel having great er abrasive resisting qualities than the material of the shank. Thus, the construction'provides a firm rigid shank of tough and comparatively inexpensive material and cutters of amore ex-- pensivematerial but such that will retain its cut ting "edge and minimize withdrawals 0f the bit, when in operation, for the purpose of sharpening the cutters.

*i This 'channeling bithas proven its utility in When ap-' plied to 'a channeling machine of the character quarrying "Cardiff Green marble.

heretofore described; the bit of our preferred constructio'nis capable of channeling marble at a-ratebetw'een=8 to 10 square feet per hour as compared with a rate of 3 to 5 square feet per hour-with the bar bits of prior usey'and the block is cut with practically straight sides in contrast-with serpentine sides when out with the' individual bar bits. I

An important feature of the novel bit is the keyand'groove'ar'rangeme'nt for detachably securing the *cutte'rs to the'shank'. The key 24 is :formed along the lower marginal edge of 'the' ting edge 29 of the cutter 22 is disposed perpen dicular to the plane of the shank side faces 30,

30a, and the cutting edge 31 of thecutter 23 positioned diagonally of the plane of the shank end'faces 32, 32a. It will also be apparent that the cutting edge of each cutter extends trans-' versely between the cutter side-faces 50, 51 and, preferably; the lateral extremities of- -each cut-:

ting edge extend beyond the plane of the shank side faces so thatthe kerf or channel as cut' 'in the marble will-beof sufficient width to accommodate the shank. These'cutters are assembled on the shank byengag'ing the cutter groove or keyway 28 on the key 24 of the shank and sliding the" cutters thereon-against the shoulder 26. Preferably, five cutters are employed. Three are of theform ofthe cutter' 22 and the'other two are of the form of the cutter 23. The latter 1 are disposed intermediate the'formeri as illus trated in Fig. 2. After the. cutters are assein- .bled onthe shank they are locked in-place by the keeper key'33 passing through the slot 34 disposed adjacent the open end of the recesses 25,.25a..v The keeper. keyhas a portion. thereof saw'cut as at 35 so that it may .be spread-open asshownin Fig. 2. ushouldwear occur between the key 24 of the shank and the groove 28 of the cutters, it can be compensated for by the insertion of a shim as at 36.

The modification of the invention illustrated in Fig. 7 has been referred to heretofore and differs from the preferred construction only in thatthesingle block cutter 40. is employed in place ofthe cutters 22 and 23. Fig. 8 illustrates another embodiment of the invention wherein the channeling bit consists of the single unitary slab- -like shank 41 provided with a plurality of integral cutters 42 at an end thereof.

This slab-like bit is particularly useful for chan- 'neling comparatively soft stone or where frequent withdrawals of the bit for sharpening is not necessary.

Those familiar with quarrying operations will recognize that our invention is a noteworthy improvementin the construction of channeling bits and that various changes in form may be made without departing'from the scope of the appended claims: i '1 Weclaimr a 1. A stone channeling bit comprising a relatively long'sl'ab like shank having flat side faces and a plurality of relatively short stub cutters reinovably secured to one endof said shank, said stub"cutters having cutting edges which extend transversely-of the flat side faces of said shank, the-last :named -end of said shank and said outters' each being provided'with .one element of a'key and-groove arrangement cooperating for 'detachably mounting said cutters upon said shank, each stub'cutter having side faces and'a cutting edge extending transversely of said side faces, the cutting edges of any adjacent stub cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length,"and said-tool being arran'gedwith-no part thereof extending beyond the lateralextremities of the cutting edges.

ZFA stone-channeIing bit comprising a relatively long slab-like shank having flat side faces,- a-plurality of relatively short stub cutters remov-- ably secured to one end of said shank, said stub cutters having cutting edges which extend transverselyof the fiat side-faces of said shank, the last named end of saidshank and said cutters being providedwith one element of a key and groove arrangement cooperating for detachably mounting said cutters upon said shank, each stub cutter having" side faces'and a cutting edge eX- tending transversely of said side faces, the cutting edges of any adjacent stub cutters being spacedapart from each other throughout their lengthf-andsaid tool being arranged with no' part thereof extending beyond the lateral extremities of the cutting edges, and means for locking said cutters to said shank.

3, A stone channeling bit comprising a shank, a' plu-rality 'of cutters interfitted with one end of- *'said' shank, said cutters being inserted from one side edge of said-shank toward the opposite -side edge thereof, asho'ulder adjacent the last-named side edge of said shank forming -astop for' hmiting the movement of said" cut ters thereto, each stub'cutter having side faces and a cuttingedge extending transversely of said side-faces, the cutting edges'of any adjacent stub cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their'length; and said tool being arranged with no part" thereof extending beyond thelateral extremities of the cutting edges, and

meanspassing intothe named end of said shank ing :sa'id .cutters to said shankJ 4. A stone channel'ing bit comprising a shank, a plurality of cutters interfittediwith o'ne'endxof. saidshank, each stub cutter-having side' faces anda cutting edge'extending transversely of said side faces, the cutting edges of any adjacent stub cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length,'-and said tool'ibeing arranged with no part'thereof extending beyond the lateral extremities of the cutting edges, .a shoulder adjacent one side-edge ofsaid. shank and a keeper key passing throughthe last named end of said shank and adjacent the opposite side edge thereof, said shoulder'and said keeper key locking said cutters therebetween. a 1

5. A stone channeling bit comprising a shank, a groove adjacent one end face of "said shank and opening toward a side edge thereof, av shoulder crossing said groove adjacent the opposite side edge of said shankya plurality of cutterssinterfitted with said groove andinserted: from the open end thereof toward said shoulder, each stub cutter having side faces and :a cutting edge extending transversely of said side faces,'the cutting edges of any adjacent stub cutters :being spaced apart from each other throughout their length, and said tool being arranged with no part thereof extending. beyond the lateral extremities of the cutting edges, and a keeper key passing into said shank adjacent the open end of said groove, said keeper key and shoulder cooperating to lock said cutters therebetween.

6. A stone channeling bit comprising a shank, a groove formed in a side face of said shank and opening toward a side edge thereof, a shoulder crossing said groove adjacent the opposite side edge of said shank, a plurality of cutters interfitted with said groove and inserted from the open end thereof toward said shoulder, each stub cutter having side faces and a cutting edge extending transversely of said side faces, the cutting edges of any adjacent stub cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length, and said tool being arranged with no part thereof extending beyond the lateral extremities of the cutting edges, said groove adjacent its open end provided with an opening, and a keeper key fitted into said opening, said keeper key and shoulder cooperating to lock saidcutters therebetween.

'7. A stone channeling bit, comprising a shank, a groove on each side face of said shank and opening toward a common side edge thereof, a shoulder crossing each of said grooves adjacent the opposite side edge of said shank, a plurality of cutters inserted from the open ends of said grooves toward said shoulders, said cutters provided with means engaging said grooves whereby said cutters are interfitted with -said shank, each stub cutter having side faces and a cutting edge extending transversely of said side faces, the cutting edges of any adjacent stub cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length, and said tool being arranged with no part thereof extending beyond the lateral extremities of the cutting edges, an aperture extending from one groove to the other adjacent their open ends, and a keeper key passing through said aperture, said keeper key and shoulders cooperating to lock said cutters therebetween.

8. A stone channeling bit comprising a shank having side faces and edges, one end of said shank being arranged forattachment to a reciprocating member and a plurality of stub cutters interfitted with the other end of said shank and extending but a short-distance therebeyond,

such plurality of: stub cutters comprising astub cutter adjacent each side edge,isuch stub cutters each having a cutting edgez'which is perpendicular to the plane of aside face of said shank;

and a'stub cutter disposed between said first shank being arranged for attachment 4 to a 're.-

ciprocating member and a plurality of ,stub: cut tersinterfitted with the" other end of saidshank andextending butashort distance therebeyond, such plurality of stub cutters icoinprising a stub the lateral excutter adjacent each side edge, such stub cutters a pluralityofstub cutters disposedbetween said 3 first named stub-cutters, each of'said last named cutters having a cutting edge which is transverse of the cutting edges of said first named stub cutters, each stub cutter having side faces and a cutting edge extending transversely of said side faces, the cutting edges of any adjacent stub cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length, and said tool'being arranged with no part thereof extending beyond the lateral extremities of the cutting edges.

10. A stone channeling bit comprising a shank having side faces and edges, one end of said shank being arranged for attachment to a reciprocating member and aplurality of stub cutters interfitted with the other end of said shank and extendingbuta short distance therebeyond, such plurality of stub cutters comprising a stub cutter adjacent each side edge and a stub cutter disposed intermediate the end stub cutters and spaced apart therefrom, such stub cutters each having a cutting edge which is perpendicular named stub cutters each having a cutting edge which is transverse of the cutting edges of said first named stub cutters, each stub cutter having side faces and a cutting edge extending transversely of said side faces, the cutting edges of any adjacent stub cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length, and said tool being arranged with no part thereof extending beyond the lateral extremities of the cutting edges.

11. A shank for a stone channeling bit comprising sidefaces, side edges and an end face, a groove formed in each side face of said shank adjacent said end face and parallel thereto, said grooves each opening toward a common side edge, and a shoulder crossing each groove adjacent the opposite side edge of said shank.

12. A shank for a stone channeling bit comprising side faces, side edges and an end face, a groove formed in each side face of said shank adjacentsaid end face and parallel thereto, said grooves each opening toward a common side edge,

an aperture extending from one groove to the.

other adjacent their open ends, and a shoulder crossing each'groove' adjacent the opposite side edge of said shank; or

13; A stone channeling tool including a rela-, tively long slab-like shank having fiat side faces and stub cutters, one end of said channeling toolbeing arranged forattachment to a reciprocable member and the other end thereof removably'carrying the named stub cutters, each stub :cutter having side faces and a cutting edge extending transversely of said side faces, the cutting edges of any adjacent stub cutters being spacedapart from each other throughout their length',and;said.tool being arranged withpno part thereof extending beyond the lateral extremities of the cutting edges. I

* 14. stone channeling tool including a relatively long slab-like shank having flat side faces, and ,a plurality of relatively short stub cutters detachably carried by said shank at one end thereof, each. stub cutter having side faces and a cutting edge extending transversely of said side faces, the-cutting edges of any adjacent stub cutters being spaced. apart from each other throughout their length, and said tool being arranged with no part thereof extending beyond the lateral extremities of the cutting edges.

15. A stonechanneling tool including a relatively long slab-like metal shank havingjflat side facesi andta plurality of relatively. short stub cutters, said stub cutters being formed'of a metal having a "higher abrasive; resistance than-said shank, one end of said channeling tool being arranged for attachment to, a reciprocable member and the other end'thereof removably carryingthe plurality of stub cutters, each stub cutter having side faces and a cutting'edge extending transversely of said side faces, thecutting edges of any. adjacent stub cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length, and said tool", being arranged with no part thereof extending beyond the lateral extremities of the cutting edges;

16;A cutter for a stone channeling tool having substantially parallel side faces, a cutting edge extending transversely of the planes of said side faces,v and an element of a key and groove connection included between the planes of said side faces, the distance between the parallel side faces adjacent said cutting edge being at least as great asthe distance between the parallel side faces adjacent said key and groove connecting element.

WILLIAM D. GRAY. FRANK F. GRAHAM. 

